QAQC (Quality Assurance and Quality Control) is an integrated framework of systematic procedures and protocols used in bauxite, gold, iron ore, and diamond mining operations to ensure the reliability, accuracy, and validity of data generated during exploration, grade control, and production phases. In mining, QAQC encompasses the entire cycle of sample collection, preparation, analysis, and data interpretation. It involves the insertion of certified reference materials (standards), blanks, and field duplicates into the sample stream at predetermined intervals to monitor and detect errors in analytical processes. A robust QAQC program enables mining companies to identify biases, contamination, imprecision, and systemic failures in laboratory or field procedures. For gold mining, QAQC is critical for resource estimation and reconciliation between predicted and actual grades. In diamond mining, it ensures accurate carat counting and stone classification. For bauxite and iron ore, QAQC underpins accurate measurement of key chemical parameters such as alumina, silica, iron content, and moisture. Without effective QAQC, erroneous data can lead to flawed resource estimates, poor mine planning decisions, regulatory non-compliance, and significant financial losses. QAQC reporting is also a requirement under internationally recognized reporting codes such as the JORC Code and NI 43-101.
